A newcomer’s guide to driving in the United States

Driving in the United States is an essential skill for many newcomers, as the country is largely car-dependent. However, understanding the rules, obtaining a driver’s license, and ensuring safety and compliance with local laws can be challenging for immigrants. This guide provides an overview of what newcomers need to know about driving in the US, including road rules, safety tips, insurance requirements, and the process of obtaining a driver’s license.

Basic road rules

Driving in the US requires adherence to several fundamental rules of the road:

• Drive on the right side: In the United States, vehicles drive on the right-hand side of the road. Passing is typically done on the left, although passing on the right is allowed in specific circumstances, such as multi-lane roads or when a vehicle ahead is turning left.
• Traffic signs and signals: Drivers must obey traffic signals and signs at all times. Stop signs require a complete stop before proceeding, while traffic lights regulate intersections. Flashing red lights function like stop signs, and flashing yellow lights indicate caution.
• Right turns on red: In most states, drivers can turn right at a red light after coming to a complete stop unless a sign prohibits it.
• Speed limits: Speed limits vary by state and road type but are strictly enforced. Exceeding speed limits can result in fines or other penalties.
• Pedestrian and cyclist safety: Drivers must yield to pedestrians at crosswalks and give cyclists adequate space on the road.

Safety tips

Safety is paramount when driving in the US, and these tips can help ensure a safe driving experience:

• Wear seatbelts: Seatbelts are mandatory for all passengers in a vehicle. Children must use appropriate car seats or booster seats depending on their age and size.
• Avoid distracted driving: Using mobile phones or engaging in other distractions while driving is dangerous and often illegal.
• Defensive driving: Be aware of other drivers’ actions and anticipate potential hazards. Maintain a safe following distance and avoid aggressive driving behaviors.
• Driving under influence: Driving while impaired by alcohol or drugs is illegal and heavily penalized across all states.

Driver’s license process

Obtaining a driver’s license is an essential step for immigrants planning to drive in the US. Here’s what you need to know:

Eligibility

Most states require immigrants to be lawful residents with proof of identity, residency, and legal status. Some states also allow undocumented immigrants to apply for licenses under specific conditions. While Oklahoma does not allow undocumented immigrants to obtain a driver’s license, it does allow DACA recipients, asylum seekers with approved work permits, and individuals with pending or approved deferred action permits and adjustment of status. 

Required documents

•   Proof of identity (passport or national ID).
•   Proof of residency (utility bills or lease agreements).
•   Social Security Number (SSN) or proof of ineligibility for one.
•   Immigration documents such as Form I-94 or Form I-20 for students.

Preparing for the driver’s test

Obtaining a driver’s license in the United States requires completing several stages of testing designed to ensure applicants understand traffic laws and can safely operate a vehicle. To begin the process, applicants must visit their local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent agency in their state. Information for obtaining a driver’s license in Oklahoma can be found here. Testing appointments can typically be scheduled in one of three ways: online through the state DMV website, in person at a DMV office, or, in some cases, through driving schools that assist with booking appointments. It’s important to check your state’s specific DMV website for detailed instructions and requirements.

Written test (Knowledge test)

The written test is the first step for most applicants and evaluates their understanding of US traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving practices.

• Format: The test is typically computerized and consists of multiple-choice questions. The number of questions can vary by state, but it usually ranges from 20 to 50. 
• Content: Questions are based on the state’s official driver’s manual and cover topics such as:
  • Speed limits and right-of-way rules.
  • Traffic signals and road signs.
  • Safe driving practices, including handling emergencies and sharing the road with pedestrians or cyclists.
• Languages: Many states, including Oklahoma, offer the test in multiple languages to accommodate non-native English speakers.
• Preparation: Applicants can prepare using practice tests available online or through DMV resources. These practice tests help familiarize applicants with the format and content of the exam. A sample written test can be found here. 

Vision test

A vision screening is mandatory in all states to ensure drivers meet minimum eyesight requirements for safe driving.

• Requirements: Applicants must demonstrate a certain level of visual acuity (e.g., 20/40 vision in most states). Those who wear glasses or contact lenses can take the test with corrective lenses.
• Testing process: The test is conducted at the DMV using a vision machine. Some states may accept results from an eye exam performed by a licensed optometrist or ophthalmologist.

Road test (Behind-the-Wheel Test)

The road test, or behind-the-wheel test, is a critical step in obtaining a driver’s license, as it evaluates an applicant’s ability to safely operate a vehicle in real-world conditions. The test generally lasts between 20 and 30 minutes and is conducted at DMV offices or designated testing centers. During the test, applicants will navigate various driving scenarios, including parking lot maneuvers and public roadways, to demonstrate their understanding of traffic laws and proper vehicle operation. 

Before the test begins, the examiner will conduct a thorough inspection of the applicant’s vehicle to confirm it meets the state’s safety standards. This includes checking that all lights, turn signals, brakes, tires, mirrors, and seatbelts are properly working. The windshield must be free of cracks or excessive tint that could obstruct visibility, and the vehicle must have valid registration and insurance documents. Applicants should also ensure their car has at least half a tank of gas and that they are familiar with all basic controls, such as the horn, wipers, and emergency lights. If the vehicle fails to meet these requirements, the test will be rescheduled.

During the test itself, applicants will be evaluated on essential driving skills such as starting and stopping smoothly, making proper right and left turns while signaling correctly, backing up safely while looking behind them, and parallel parking without hitting the curb. Additional tasks may include parking on an incline with proper wheel positioning and demonstrating knowledge of right-of-way rules at intersections. Examiners will also assess how well applicants respond to traffic signs, signals, pedestrians, cyclists, and other vehicles. To pass the test in Oklahoma, applicants must score at least 75 out of 100 points based on state-mandated criteria.

Using foreign licenses

Foreign nationals visiting or residing in the United States can legally drive using their foreign driver’s license for a limited period, but the exact duration and requirements vary by state. Most states allow visitors to drive with a valid foreign driver’s license for a specific period, typically between 3 and 12 months, starting from the date of entry into the US. However, the rules differ depending on the state:

• Short-term visitors: In many states, tourists or short-term visitors can drive using their foreign license for up to three months. Some states, like California, allow visitors to use their foreign license for the duration of their stay as long as they remain on a tourist visa.
• Longer stays: For stays exceeding six months, most states require drivers to obtain a US driver’s license. For instance, in New York, you can drive with your foreign license for up to 12 months unless you become a resident, at which point you must apply for a state-issued license. Oklahoma accepts valid and current international Driver Permits and Licenses if you are temporarily traveling through the state. However, if you intend to permanently reside in Oklahoma from another country, Oklahoma does not recognize international licenses or permits. 

International Driving Permit (IDP)

An International Driving Permit (IDP) is often required in addition to a foreign license, especially if the original license is not in English. An IDP translates your home country’s driver’s license into multiple languages and provides essential information like your name and photo. It is not a standalone document and must accompany your foreign license. You must apply for an IDP in your home country before traveling to the US, as the US does not issue IDPs to visitors. The process typically involves submitting an application, passport photos, and proof of a valid driver’s license. Some states mandate having an IDP along with your foreign driver’s license, while others do not require it if your license is in English.

Car insurance

Car insurance is a legal requirement in all US states (except New Hampshire, where it is optional but strongly recommended) and is essential for protecting drivers financially in the event of accidents or damages. Each state mandates minimum liability coverage, which generally includes bodily injury and property damage caused to others. In addition to meeting these legal requirements, drivers must carry proof of insurance at all times, such as an insurance card or digital copy, to present during traffic stops, accidents, or vehicle registration. Failing to provide proof can result in fines, license suspension, or other penalties.

While minimum coverage ensures compliance, many drivers opt for additional protections like collision insurance (covering damages to their own vehicle), comprehensive insurance (covering theft or weather-related damage), and uninsured motorist coverage (protecting against drivers without insurance). Other options include roadside assistance and rental car reimbursement for added convenience. Insurance costs vary based on factors such as driving history, vehicle type, location, and coverage levels. For newcomers to the US, comparing quotes from multiple insurers and understanding deductibles can help find the right balance between affordability and protection.

Many insurers accept foreign driver’s licenses when calculating premiums, though rates may be higher for those new to US driving. By understanding state requirements and exploring coverage options tailored to their needs, newcomers can drive with confidence while ensuring compliance with local laws.

Additional tips for newcomers

1. Understand local laws: Traffic laws vary by state, so familiarize yourself with your state’s specific regulations by visiting its Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) website.
2. Vehicle registration: If purchasing a car, you’ll need to register it with your local DMV and ensure it meets inspection requirements.
3. Practice driving: Enroll in a driving school if you’re unfamiliar with American road rules or need practice before taking your driving test.
4. Emergency preparedness: Keep an emergency kit in your car that includes items like a first-aid kit, flashlight, jumper cables, and water.
5. Parking rules: Pay attention to parking signs and restrictions. Violating parking rules can result in fines or towing.

Driving in the United States offers freedom and convenience but comes with responsibilities. By understanding basic road rules, prioritizing safety, securing proper insurance coverage, and obtaining a valid driver’s license, newcomers can confidently navigate American roads while staying compliant with local laws. For personalized guidance on immigration-related matters like obtaining documentation needed for licensing, we’re happy to help!

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