Author Archives: Jenn Clore

1. Doctor’s orders getting lost in translation? Navigating US healthcare for non-English speakers

   August 31, 2023 6:09 am Leave a Comment

   Navigating the US healthcare system can be complex and confusing, especially for immigrants and non-English speakers. Understanding medical procedures, communicating with medical providers, and dealing with insurance and billing is often a cause for frustration, even for US citizens. However, with the right knowledge and resources, navigating the US healthcare system is possible. 

   Multiple strategies are available for overcoming language barriers, enhancing English speaking skills, addressing cultural differences, and accessing resources that can assist in navigating the healthcare system. By empowering yourself with the necessary tools and knowledge, the US healthcare system can become more accessible and manageable for those whose first language is not English. 

   Challenges non-English speakers may face while seeking healthcare

   There are several challenges that people may face when trying to navigate the US healthcare system if English is not their first language. Some of these challenges include:

   Language barriers

   Understanding medical terminology and communicating with doctors and healthcare providers can be difficult if English is not your first language. This can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunications, negatively affecting your health. According to the National Library of Medicine, patients with language barriers are more likely to utilize more healthcare services and experience more adverse events. 

   Many larger healthcare institutions offer interpreter services to address these challenges to improve healthcare access, patient satisfaction, and communication. One study reported the implementation of online translation tools such as Google Translate and MediBabble in hospitals, which increased the satisfaction of both medical providers and patients (to 92%) and improved the quality of healthcare delivery and patient safety. However, these services could increase the cost and duration of treatment.

   Cultural differences

   Different cultures may have different beliefs and practices regarding healthcare, which can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunications. For example, some cultures may prefer traditional medicine over Western medicine or have different views on end-of-life care. To help avoid these situations, non-English speaking patients can bring a family member or friend who speaks both languages to help communicate cultural differences to medical staff. This can help ensure that medical staff understand the patient’s cultural background and beliefs. 

   Lack of health insurance

   Many non-English speaking patients may not have health insurance due to their employment status or lack of knowledge about available options. This lack of coverage can lead to reduced access to healthcare, which can have negative consequences for their health. Additionally, non-English speakers may not know how to access healthcare services, their rights as patients, or how to communicate with healthcare providers.

   The jobs available to recent and undocumented immigrants are also unlikely to provide health insurance as a benefit of employment, making it difficult for the workers to access the care they need. Undocumented residents and DACA recipients are not eligible to receive federally funded benefits, including Medicare, non-emergency Medicaid, or subsidized health care coverage under ACA. 

   However, options are available, including community health centers, migrant health centers, and free clinics. These facilities offer services to immigrants and their families, regardless of immigration status, at a reduced cost or free of charge. Undocumented residents may be hesitant to seek medical attention for fear of deportation. However, it’s important to understand that healthcare providers cannot ask patients about immigration status and have no legal obligation to report to federal immigration authorities. 

   Cost of healthcare

   The cost of healthcare in the US can be a barrier for many people, including non-English speakers. Healthcare costs can vary depending on the type of insurance you have, your income level, and the kind of care you need. If you are uninsured or underinsured, you may have to pay out-of-pocket for healthcare costs, which can be expensive. However, depending on your immigration status, you may have access to various public benefits, including medical care. 

   Tips for navigating the US healthcare system for non-English speakers

   Options are available to you if English is not your first language. Here are some tips to ensure that you receive the care you and your family need:

   1. Find a healthcare provider who speaks your language: Look for healthcare providers who speak your language or have interpreters available. This can help you communicate better with your doctor and understand your medical care.
   2. Ask questions: Don’t be afraid to ask questions if you don’t understand something. Your healthcare provider is there to help you, and they want you to understand your medical care.
   3. Bring a translator: If you don’t speak English well, bring someone who can translate. This could be a family member, friend, or professional interpreter.
   4. Use technology: Many apps and websites can help you translate medical documents and communicate with healthcare providers. For example, AI-powered conversations using ChatGPT can help enhance your English speaking skills.
   5. Know your rights: As a patient, you have certain rights, regardless of your language or cultural background. For example, you have the right to receive medical care free from discrimination and medical information in a language you understand.
   6. Financial assistance: Nonprofit hospitals in the United States are required to offer financial help depending on the size of your family and your level of income. To find this information, search on the web for “financial assistance” and the name of your hospital or clinic.

   Resources to help non-English speaking patients understand the US healthcare system

   Several resources are available to help non-English speaking patients navigate the US healthcare system. Some of these resources include:

   • Navigating Through the US Healthcare System for Immigrants, Refugees, and Migrants: This is a set of resources developed by the Virginia Department of Health that can be helpful for any non-English speaking newcomers to the US, regardless of the state they live in. You’ll also find translated health/patient education information on their website. This information can be helpful for non-English speaking patients in any state who may need help understanding medical terminology and procedures. 
   • Patient education materials: Many healthcare providers offer patient education materials in multiple languages. These materials can help you understand your medical care and how to navigate the healthcare system.
   • Telemedicine: Telemedicine is a technology that allows patients to communicate with healthcare providers remotely. This can be especially helpful for non-English speaking patients who may have difficulty communicating in person. Telemedicine can also save time and reduce costs for both doctors and patients. Ask your provider if they offer telemedicine platforms with translation capabilities. 
   • Interpretation and Translation Services: Many states offer translation services. If you are a resident of Oklahoma, Oklahoma.gov provides 24/7 telephone interpretation services in over 240 languages, face-to-face or on-site interpretation services, document translation, and sign language interpretation.
   • Consider federally funded health centers: A Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) is a type of healthcare facility that receives funding from the federal government to provide primary care services to medically underserved areas and populations. Federally funded health centers are required to provide access to trained medical interpreters, making them a good option for non-English speakers.
   • Healthcare ‘Toolkit’: Georgia State University offers a healthcare toolkit that can help non-English speakers navigate chronic diseases. The toolkit includes information on managing chronic conditions, finding healthcare providers, and understanding medical terminology.

   The role of community organizations in providing healthcare support for non-English speakers

   Community organizations can play a crucial role in providing healthcare support for non-English speakers. These organizations, along with public health professionals and dedicated individuals, have focused on improving access to public health information and bridging the gaps that non-English speakers face in accessing healthcare services.

   One important role of community organizations is to provide language support. They work to ensure that non-English speakers have access to credible information and can navigate through misinformation. This includes providing translated materials, interpretation services, and connecting non-English speakers with bilingual clinicians or interpreters. By addressing language barriers, community organizations help non-English speakers understand their healthcare options, communicate effectively with healthcare providers, and make informed decisions about their health.

   Community organizations also help build trust between non-English speakers and the healthcare system. Many non-English speakers may distrust healthcare systems and major health organizations. Community organizations and clinics play a vital role in forming relationships with the populations they serve, establishing trust, and addressing cultural concerns. They create a safe and supportive environment where non-English speakers feel comfortable seeking healthcare services and can receive culturally competent care.

   By actively engaging in advocacy efforts, community organizations contribute to developing policies and practices that promote equitable healthcare for non-English speakers. Our state of Oklahoma offers a variety of community organizations that can provide the support a newcomer to the United States needs when seeking healthcare services, including:

   • Catholic Charities of Oklahoma City: Offering various services to immigrants and refugees, including healthcare assistance, English language classes, and job training.
   • Hispanic Health Initiative: Providing healthcare services to Hispanic communities in Oklahoma, including translation services and cultural competency training for healthcare providers.
   • American Dream Center: Offering guidance on social security, insurance, school visits, and doctor visits, as well as other support services
   • CAIR Oklahoma: Supporting Muslim non-English speaking Oklahoma residents with health services by providing translation and interpretation services, assisting with enrollment in health insurance programs, and advocating for their patient rights.
   • Oklahomans United for Health Care: Advocating for affordable healthcare for all Oklahomans, they also provide resources to help people navigate the healthcare system.

   Getting the support needed for a healthy life in the United States

   Navigating the US healthcare system can be challenging for non-English speaking patients. However, it is essential to remember that resources are available to help provide support. Family support, community organizations, and public health professionals play a crucial role in providing healthcare support. By building trust between non-English speakers and the healthcare system, these support systems help to promote equitable healthcare for all. With the right knowledge, resources, and support, non-English speaking patients can successfully navigate the US healthcare system and receive the care they need to maintain their health and well-being.

2. Updates to the international student STEM OPT extension: What you need to know

   August 30, 2023 9:09 am Leave a Comment

   Are you an international student studying in the United States? If so, you may be familiar with Optional Practical Training (OPT), which allows F-1 visa holders to work in the US for a certain period of time after completing their college degree. Recently, there have been updates to the OPT program, specifically the STEM OPT extension. In this article, we will provide you with all the information you need to know about the new international student OPT extension.

   What is the STEM OPT extension?

   The STEM OPT extension is a 24-month period of temporary training that directly relates to an F-1 student’s program of study in an approved STEM field. STEM stands for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. It allows eligible students to gain additional work experience and enhance their skills and knowledge further, making them more competitive in the job market. 

   2023 STEM OPT updates

   Recent updates have been made to the STEM OPT program to provide more opportunities for international students to gain valuable work experience in the US and potentially secure permanent residency. If you are an international student interested in the STEM OPT extension, it’s essential to stay informed about any updates or changes to the program and consult with an experienced immigration lawyer for personalized guidance. 

   The 2023 updates include: 

   Expansion of the STEM Designated Degree Program List

   On July 12, 2023, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) added eight new qualifying fields of study to the STEM Designated Degree Program List. They join the 22 qualifying fields of study added for STEM OPT eligibility in January 2022. The new qualifying fields of study are:

   • Landscape Architecture
   • Institutional Research
   • Mechatronics, Robotics, and Automation Engineering Technology/Technician
   • Composite Materials Technology/Technician
   • Linguistics and Computer Science
   • Developmental and Adolescent Psychology
   • Geospatial Intelligence
   • Demography and Population Studies
   • Bioenergy
   • General Forestry
   • Forest Resources Production and Management
   • Human-centered Technology Design
   • Cloud Computing
   • Anthrozoology
   • Climate Science
   • Earth Systems Science
   • Economics and Computer Science
   • Environmental Geosciences
   • Geobiology
   • Geography and Environmental Studies
   • Mathematical Economics
   • Mathematics and Atmospheric and Oceanic Science
   • General Data Science
   • General Data Analytics
   • Business Analytics
   • Data Visualization
   • Financial Analytics
   • Other Data Analytics
   • Industrial and Organizational Psychology
   • Social Sciences
   • Research Methodology
   • Quantitative Methods

   The list expansion provides opportunities for more international students to extend their stay in the United States. This is consistent with President Biden’s stated foreign policy goal to foster international education. 

   More accessible pathways to Green Cards

   The US government is making it easier for international graduates of STEM programs to obtain Green Cards via a national interest waiver. This provides international students with a pathway to permanent residency in the US.

   Clarification of criteria for “extraordinary ability”

   The “extraordinary ability” criteria have been clarified for international students in STEM fields. USCIS recently updated its policy guidance regarding criteria and evidence used to determine eligibility for O-1A nonimmigrants of extraordinary ability, with a focus on persons in science, technology, engineering, or mathematics (STEM) fields. This change may provide more guidance to international students on what they need to do to qualify for the STEM OPT extension. 

   Eligibility criteria for the STEM OPT extension

   To qualify for the STEM OPT extension, international students must meet specific eligibility criteria:

   • Have been granted OPT and currently be in a valid period of post-completion OPT.
   • Filed the STEM OPT application with US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) during the final 90 days of the post-completion OPT authorization period.
   • Have completed a US degree program in a designated STEM field from a duly accredited school certified by the Student and Exchange Visitor Program at the time of application.

   Eligibility criteria, limitations, and application process may vary depending on the academic institution and individual circumstances. 

   Duration and limitations of the STEM OPT extension

   The STEM OPT extension is 24 months long. This means qualifying F-1 students will be eligible for a total of 36 months of OPT employment authorization. However, it’s crucial to adhere to certain limitations to maintain your status:

   • Unemployment Time: During the entire 36-month OPT period, you should not exceed a total of 150 days of unemployment. Students on the STEM OPT extension are permitted to be unemployed for 60 days in addition to the 90 days allotted for Post-Completion OPT.
   • Employer Obligations: Employers who hire F-1 students during the STEM OPT period must meet significant new obligations. These obligations ensure that the employment complies with the regulations set forth by the USCIS. 

   How to apply for the STEM OPT extension

   To apply for the STEM OPT extension, international students must follow these steps:

   1. Obtain a recommendation from the current sponsoring academic institution. This recommendation is crucial and will be required during the application process.
   2. Submit a completed and signed Form I-983 Training Plan for STEM OPT Students to the International Services Office (ISO). This form outlines the details of your training plan and must be submitted along with your application.
   3. Prepare your application and file it with USCIS during the final 90 days of your post-completion OPT authorization period. Submitting your application within this timeframe is important to ensure a smooth transition from your post-completion OPT to the STEM OPT extension.

   Students who receive a STEM OPT extension must report certain changes to their designated school official (DSO) within ten days of the change. 

   These changes include:

   • Legal name
   • Residential or mailing address
   • Email address
   • Employer’s name
   • Employer’s address

   In addition to these changes, students on the STEM OPT extension must also confirm with their DSO every six months that they continue to maintain their STEM OPT activity, even if nothing has changed. Failure to comply with reporting requirements may result in the loss of immigration status, so it’s crucial to stay on top of these changes and report them in a timely manner.

   Your designated school official (DSO) can provide guidance on how to report changes and confirm your STEM OPT activity. Additionally, a reputable immigration lawyer can assist you in understanding your reporting requirements and ensure that you comply with USCIS regulations. 

   Benefits of the STEM OPT extension

   The STEM OPT extension provides several benefits to international students:

   1. Extended Work Authorization: With the STEM OPT extension, you can work in the US for an additional two years, gaining valuable work experience in your field of study.
   2. Increased Job Opportunities: The STEM OPT extension allows you to explore more job opportunities in the US. Many employers prefer hiring candidates with extended work authorization, giving you a competitive edge in the job market.
   3. Pathway to Permanent Residency: The STEM OPT extension can be a stepping stone towards obtaining permanent residency in the US. It provides you with more time to gain work experience and potentially secure sponsorship from an employer.

   Considering the potential risks of the STEM OPT extension

   While the STEM OPT extension offers exciting opportunities for international students to gain valuable work experience in the US, there are potential risks and drawbacks to consider before applying. By staying informed and seeking personalized guidance, international students can make the most of the STEM OPT extension and enhance their career prospects in the US.

   Potential drawbacks or risks include:

   1. Delayed processing: As with any immigration case, there is a possibility of experiencing delays in processing your OPT application. This could result in a longer waiting period before starting your STEM OPT employment. Stay up-to-date with current processing times. 
   2. Issues with receipt notice: There is a risk of not receiving the I-797c Receipt Notice, which serves as proof that your OPT application has been received and is being processed. This can cause uncertainty and delays in the application process. The USCIS website offers tips on how to track your notice. 
   3. Challenges with employment: While the STEM OPT extension provides opportunities for work experience, finding a paid, full-time job or job offer from an employer enrolled in E-Verify can be competitive. Securing suitable employment within the required timeframe may take time and effort. Find participating employers. 
   4. Compliance with regulations: The STEM OPT extension has specific obligations and limitations for students and employers. It is important to ensure that you and your employer meet all the requirements, such as maintaining full-time employment, reporting changes, and adhering to the rules set by USCIS. Failure to comply with these regulations can result in the loss of immigration status.
   5. Limited eligibility: The STEM OPT extension is available to each student for two non-consecutive periods during their lifetime. If you have already used the STEM OPT extension in the past, you may not be eligible for it again. It’s essential to consider your eligibility and plan accordingly.
   6. Uncertainty in immigration policies: Immigration policies and regulations can change over time, which may impact the availability and terms of the STEM OPT extension. Staying informed about any updates or changes to the OPT program and consulting with a reputable immigration attorney is crucial to ensure compliance and make informed decisions.

   Making the most of your OPT journey

   The new international student OPT extension, specifically the STEM OPT extension, offers exciting opportunities for F-1 visa holders to gain valuable work experience in the United States. By understanding the eligibility criteria, limitations, and application process, you can make the most of this extension and enhance your career prospects. Remember to stay informed about any updates or changes to the OPT program and consult with your academic institution’s International Services Office for personalized guidance. Good luck with your OPT journey!

3. The US vs. Canada for immigrant tech workers: Why the US may be a better option

   July 29, 2023 10:48 am Leave a Comment

   As tech industries continue to expand and thrive, skilled professionals worldwide seek new opportunities to excel in their careers. Both the United States and Canada are known for their welcoming approach to immigrants, offering unique visa programs to attract international talent. 

   In recent years, Canada has been making a concerted effort to attract tech talent from the United States. The country’s Global Talent Stream (GTS) and Start-up Visa programs are two of the most notable initiatives in this effort. These programs offer expedited processing times and other benefits to foreign tech workers who may find Canada more favorable than the US.

   However, despite these efforts, the United States may still be the better option for many foreign tech workers. Here are a few reasons why:

   The US tech industry is larger and more diverse

   The US has the largest and most diverse tech industry in the world. This means there are more opportunities for tech workers in the US, and they have a wider range of companies to choose from. According to a 2022 report by CB Insights, the US has 614 private companies valued at over $1 billion, more than any other country globally. Canada, on the other hand, has only 60 unicorn companies. A unicorn company is a privately owned business valued at over $1 billion USD. 

   The US tech industry is also more diverse regarding the types of companies located there. In the US, you can find tech companies of all sizes, from small startups to large multinational corporations. Canada’s tech industry is more concentrated in a few major cities, such as Toronto and Vancouver. The US tech industry includes many other industries, such as healthcare, finance, and media. Canada’s tech industry is more focused on software and hardware.

   This diversity of opportunities is one of the reasons why the US tech industry is so vibrant and innovative. IT and Technology workers in the US have a wide range of choices, which allows them to find the right company for their skills and interests.

   In addition to the sheer number of tech companies in the US, there is also a wider range of company cultures to choose from. Tech workers in the US can find companies that match their cultural values, whether they are looking for a traditional corporate environment or a more casual startup environment. The diversity of the US tech industry is a significant advantage for tech workers. It gives them more choices, more opportunities, and a wider range of cultural experiences. 

   Innovation thrives in the US tech industry

   The US tech industry is known for its innovation. This is partly due to the country’s strong intellectual property protections and favorable tax environment for startups. The US also has several tax benefits designed to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship. These tax benefits make it easier for startups to raise capital and grow. They also help to offset the high cost of doing business in the US.

   The United States is home to some of the most innovative tech companies in the world, such as Apple, Google, and Microsoft. While Canada is home to innovative tech companies, such as Shopify, OpenText, and Geotab, the US has a much larger concentration. America also has a strong culture of innovation and risk-taking, encouraging tech workers to start their own companies. This has led to many successful startups, such as Airbnb and Uber.

   The US tech industry is expected to grow in the coming years. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that employment in computer and information technology occupations will grow 15% from 2021 to 2031, much faster than the average for all occupations.

   The Canadian tech industry is also expected to grow in the coming years. However, the growth rate is expected to be lower than in the US. The Canadian government projects that employment of information and communication technology occupations will grow by 7% from 2020 to 2030.

   The US tech industry pays higher salaries

   IT and technology workers in the US typically earn higher salaries than their counterparts in Canada. This is due to many factors, including the higher cost of living in the US and the greater demand for tech talent. According to a 2022 report by Glassdoor, the average tech salary in the US is $110,140 USD. The average tech salary in Canada is $90,500 USD.

   The data also suggests that the difference in salaries between the US and Canada will likely continue. The tech industry is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years, and there is a growing demand for tech talent in the US. 

   The difference in salaries is even more pronounced for some specific tech roles, as noted by Glassdoor:

   • The average salary for a software engineer in the US is $120,380 USD versus $97,870 USD in Canada, earning 23% more than their counterparts in Canada.
   • The average salary for a data scientist in the US is $130,000 USD versus $100,000 USD in Canada, earning 30% more than their counterparts in Canada.
   • The average salary for a data scientist in the US is $115,000 USD versus $90,000 USD in Canada, earning 27% more than their counterparts in Canada.

   The recent massive layoffs of tech companies in the US have raised concerns for some tech workers. However, it is important to note that these layoffs do not necessarily indicate a trend. The tech industry is still growing rapidly, and there is still a high demand for talent. In fact, a recent report by Zippia found the overall tech industry is estimated to have a growth rate (CAGR) of 5% through 2024. This means there will still be plenty of opportunities for tech workers in the US, even after the recent layoffs.

   The US tech industry has a better path to citizenship

   Tech workers in the US have a better path to citizenship than their counterparts in Canada. This is because the US has a more generous immigration system, making it easier for tech workers to qualify for green cards.

   • The H-1B visa: The H-1B visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows US employers to hire foreign workers in specialty occupations that require a bachelor’s degree or higher. The H-1B visa is a popular choice for tech workers because it allows them to work in the US for a period of up to six years.
   • The L-1 visa: The L-1 visa is a non-immigrant visa that allows companies to transfer employees from their foreign offices to their US offices. The L-1 visa is a popular choice for tech workers because it allows them to continue working for their current employer in the US.

   In addition to these two visas, several other visa programs are specifically designed for tech workers. These programs include the O-1 visa, the EB-2 visa, and the EB-3 visa. For more information on employment-based visa programs and other paths to US citizenship, contact a reputable immigration attorney. 

   Canada’s most popular visa program for tech workers is the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (TFWP). The TFWP allows Canadian employers to hire foreign workers to fill temporary labor shortages. However, the TFWP is subject to several restrictions, making it difficult for tech workers to qualify for the program.

   Career advancement opportunities in the US tech industry

   The United States offers technology workers strong education and career advancement opportunities. The US is home to some of the world’s top universities and research institutions and a thriving tech hub in Silicon Valley. This means that tech workers in the US have access to high-quality education, cutting-edge research, and a robust ecosystem for networking and collaboration.

   The United States is a global tech hub, particularly Silicon Valley in California. This makes it a favorable environment for immigrants with entrepreneurial aspirations, as they can find access to funding, a large consumer market, and other resources to help them launch their businesses. The availability of funding can facilitate the growth and development of tech companies creating more opportunities for job seekers in the industry. 

   Additionally, the United States is home to many prestigious universities and research institutions, offering opportunities for immigrants to access high-quality education, cutting-edge STEM research, and academic resources.

   Considerations for choosing the right country for your tech career

   When considering job opportunities in the technology industry as an immigrant, it’s important to research and assess various factors such as job market conditions, industry trends, work visa policies, cost of living, and quality of life. 

   • Cost of living: The cost of living in the US is generally higher than in Canada. This is something foreign tech workers should factor into their decision, as it could significantly impact their overall financial well-being.
   • Taxes: The tax systems in the US and Canada are different. Foreign tech workers should research the tax implications of working in each country to ensure they understand what they will owe.
   • Language: Common languages spoken in the US are English and Spanish. While it is possible to live and work in the US without speaking English, it is advantageous to be fluent in the language. Canada’s official languages are English and French. If you are fluent in both English and French, you will have a broader range of opportunities in Canada.
   • Culture: The cultures of the US and Canada are similar in many ways, but there are also some key differences. Foreign tech workers should research the cultures of both countries to ensure a good fit.

   Both the United States and Canada offer attractive opportunities for tech professionals, and the choice may depend on individual preferences, career goals, and personal circumstances. The advice of an immigration attorney could provide insights into your best path forward. 

4. Does the end of affirmative action in the US impact international students?

   10:28 am Leave a Comment

   In June 2023, the United States Supreme Court ruled that US colleges and universities can no longer consider race as a factor in admissions, effectively ending affirmative action in higher education. Affirmative action is a set of policies and practices that aim to increase opportunities for underrepresented groups in society. These groups may include people of color, women, people with disabilities, and members of other marginalized communities. 

   The debate over affirmative action is a highly politicized issue in the United States, and the end of affirmative action could significantly impact the political climate. Some people believe that the end of affirmative action will lead to a more just and equitable society by no longer providing an unfair advantage to minority students, while others believe that it will lead to increased discrimination against minority groups. Minority students are still underrepresented in college, and affirmative action has helped to close this gap.

   The decision to end affirmative action is complex, with no easy answers. There are both potential benefits and drawbacks to consider, and the best decision for each university will vary depending on its specific circumstances. For international students, the end of affirmative action could have both positive and negative consequences.

   The indirect effects of affirmative action on international students

   Affirmative action is a policy that aims to increase opportunities for people who have been historically underrepresented or discriminated against. In the United States, this policy often focuses on people of color, women, and people with disabilities. International students are not part of these groups, so they are generally not directly affected by affirmative action.

   However, there may have been some indirect effects on international students. For example, some universities may have considered an applicant’s race or ethnicity as part of their admissions process. In the past, this may have given international students from underrepresented groups an advantage in the admissions process. 

   Without affirmative action, colleges and universities may change their admissions criteria and priorities. They may emphasize academic achievements, standardized test scores, and other qualifications that are not directly related to race or ethnicity. This could change how admissions are considered and impact the prospects of international students who may have relied on the benefits of a holistic review process that includes diversity considerations.

   It’s important to note that not all universities use affirmative action in their admissions process, and the extent to which race or ethnicity is considered varies from school to school.

   The role of affirmative action in the availability of financial aid for international students

   The repeal of affirmative action could have an impact on financial aid for international students, but it may be too early to say for sure. Affirmative action has helped increase financial aid availability for international students, as colleges and universities have been more willing to offer scholarships and other forms of financial assistance to students from underrepresented groups. Without affirmative action, it is possible that fewer international students will be eligible for financial aid, which could make it more difficult for them to afford to attend college in the United States.

   However, colleges and universities may find other ways to increase financial aid for international students. For example, they could increase the amount of available merit-based aid, or they could offer more need-based aid. Ultimately, the impact of the repeal of affirmative action on financial aid for international students will depend on the policies of individual colleges and universities.

   Here are some of the factors that could affect the availability of financial aid for international students after the repeal of affirmative action:

   • The financial resources of the college or university.
   • The college or university’s commitment to diversity.
   • The political climate in the United States.
   • The demand for financial aid from international students.

   It is important to note that the repeal of affirmative action is a recent development, and it is still too early to say what the long-term impact will be on financial aid for international students. However, it is something that international students should be aware of as they plan for college.

   The role of affirmative action in increasing diversity on US college campuses

   The repeal of affirmative action could impact diversity for international students. Universities with affirmative action policies tend to have more diverse student bodies, which can be a valuable experience for international students. International students, who often bring unique perspectives and experiences, may find it more difficult to be admitted to college as competition increases.

   Here are some of the factors that could affect the diversity of international students on college campuses after the repeal of affirmative action:

   • Colleges and universities may become less selective in their admissions process, which could increase the number of international students from underrepresented groups.
   • Colleges and universities may also focus on recruiting international students from countries not traditionally represented on US campuses.
   • More financial aid could be offered to international students from these groups.

   Ultimately, the impact of the repeal of affirmative action on diversity for international students will depend on various factors, including the policies of individual colleges and universities, the availability of financial aid, and the political climate in the United States.

   Challenges faced by first-generation immigrant students

   The end of affirmative action could significantly impact first-generation immigrant students. These students are often from underrepresented groups and may face language barriers, limited financial resources, and unfamiliarity with the American education system. Affirmative action policies have helped to level the playing field for these students by giving them a fair chance to compete for admission to selective colleges and universities.

   Without affirmative action, first-generation immigrant students may find it more difficult to be admitted to college. This is because they may have different academic and extracurricular advantages than students from more privileged backgrounds. Additionally, they may not have the same access to information about college admissions and financial aid.

   There are several things first-generation immigrant students can do to increase their chances of being admitted to college, even without affirmative action. These include:

   • Excelling in academics: First-generation immigrant students should focus on their academics and strive to achieve high grades. They should also take challenging courses and participate in extracurricular activities that demonstrate their personal qualities.
   • Building strong relationships: Students should build strong relationships with their teachers, counselors, and mentors. These relationships can help them get advice on college admissions and financial aid and provide support and encouragement throughout the college application process.
   • Applying to a variety of schools: Applicants who apply to various schools, including selective and less selective institutions, will maximize their chances of being admitted.

   Considerations for international students applying to college in the United States

   Affirmative action was a helpful tool for increasing diversity in higher education and providing opportunities for students from underrepresented groups. The overall impact of ending affirmative action on international students depends on many factors. These factors include individual universities’ specific policies and practices, state laws, and the overall higher education landscape. The potential effects also depend on other factors, such as immigration policies, visa regulations, and global geopolitical dynamics.

   Here are some other things to consider:

   • The Supreme Court has ruled on affirmative action in college admissions several times, and the current legal landscape is complex. It is important to research the specific policies of the universities you are applying to understand how affirmative action may affect your chances of admission.
   • If you are an international student from an underrepresented group, consider applying to schools with a solid commitment to diversity. These schools are more likely to consider your race or ethnicity as part of their admissions process, and they may also offer financial aid to students from underrepresented groups.
   • Finally, it is important to remember that affirmative action is not the only factor colleges consider when making admissions decisions. Your academic record, extracurricular activities, and letters of recommendation will also be necessary.

   The end of affirmative action could lead to a more meritocratic admissions process, as colleges and universities will need to focus on academic achievement and other factors that are directly related to success in college. Without affirmative action, colleges and universities must consider all applicants, without taking into consideration their race, ethnicity, or other personal characteristics. This could level the playing field for international students from underrepresented groups who may have faced discrimination in the past.

   Overall, the impact of the end of affirmative action on international students is still uncertain. However, there are both potential benefits and drawbacks to consider. It is important for international students to research the specific policies of the universities they are applying to and to understand how the end of affirmative action may affect their chances of admission.

5. Surprising ways learning and education are unique in America

   July 1, 2023 11:31 am Leave a Comment

   The American education system is one of the most diverse and complex in the world. It has been influenced by various cultures and traditions, and it constantly adapts to accommodate the changing needs of society.

   Compared to education systems in other countries, there are some notable differences. American schools are generally larger, with a higher student-to-teacher ratio. Additionally, American schools strongly emphasize extracurricular activities such as sports, clubs, and music programs, providing students with opportunities beyond the classroom.

   Here are some ways in which the American education system stands out when it comes to learning and student development:

   Individual achievement

   The American education style encourages a healthy spirit of competition, where students are motivated to aim for personal success. This competitiveness is seen in grading systems, college admissions processes, and scholarships.

   Another important aspect of the American education system is its focus on personalized learning. They have special programs like Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) that provide tailored support for students with special needs or learning differences. There’s also a growing trend towards personalized learning approaches that use technology and customized curriculum to match each student’s abilities and learning styles.

   In the American education system, cultural values also play a role in promoting individual achievement. Independence, ambition, and self-reliance are highly valued, encouraging students to focus on their own accomplishments, set ambitious goals, and strive for personal success.

   Emphasis on building character

   The American education system believes in developing students as a whole, not just focusing on academics. It aims to help students grow in many areas, like academics, personal skills, critical thinking, creativity, and social abilities. It encourages students to participate in extracurricular activities, do community service, and take on leadership roles.

   The American learning and education style aims to help students grow intellectually, physically, emotionally, and socially. American schools put a lot of importance on activities outside of the regular classroom, like sports, clubs, arts, and volunteering. These activities allow students to explore their interests, develop leadership skills, work as a team, and become well-rounded individuals. They want to provide students with a complete educational experience beyond just studying in a classroom.

   Some American schools also focus on teaching values and character. They want to teach students essential qualities like honesty, empathy, responsibility, and resilience. Along with their regular studies, they put effort into building good student character traits. This is so students can become academically successful and good people who can handle life’s challenges.

   Flexibility and choice

   In the American education system, students are given choices and the freedom to shape their learning journeys. The belief is that each student is unique and should have the opportunity to explore different educational paths. This idea is seen in many aspects of the system, like the courses they can choose, the elective subjects available, and the educational programs offered. Students often have the chance to pick from a wide range of subjects so that they can follow their interests, strengths, and career dreams. This flexibility allows students to customize their education to match their goals and passions.

   Alternative options for education are also available. These alternatives include charter schools, magnet schools, online learning platforms, and homeschooling. This means that families and students have different ways of learning that suit their preferences and needs. By giving the students choices, everyone can have a unique educational experience that fits their learning style, interests, and situation.

   Students are also presented with many options for higher education, including universities, community colleges, vocational schools, and trade programs. The emphasis on flexibility extends to college selection, where students can choose institutions that align with their academic and career objectives.

   Active learning and participation

   In American classrooms, active participation is encouraged through different strategies to make sure students are engaged, thinking critically, and working together. Students are encouraged to join class discussions, ask questions, and share their ideas. They often work in groups, do projects, and give presentations to get involved in the learning process.

   Compared to other countries, the American education system ensures students are actively engaged in their learning. Going beyond memorizing facts or passively listening, interaction and participation may be a part of the student’s overall grade. The goal is to help students become independent thinkers, creative problem-solvers, and confident learners by actively involving them in their own education.

   Active participation in learning is considered necessary worldwide, but how much it’s emphasized can vary depending on culture, society, and education systems. The American system puts a lot of value on active participation because it aligns with its larger goals of fostering critical thinking, creativity, and communication skills in students. By ensuring students are actively involved in their learning, the American education system wants to create a learning environment where students feel empowered and prepared to participate actively in a diverse and ever-changing society.

   Continuous assessment

   Students in America are continuously assessed throughout the school year to provide educators with a complete picture of what students know, how they’re doing, and how they’re growing over time. This involves various assessment methods such as quizzes, tests, projects, presentations, homework, and class participation.

   Compared to other countries, the American approach to continuous assessment is a bit different and involves a mix of formative and summative assessments. Formative assessments give feedback and check how well students understand what they’re learning. Summative assessments, on the other hand, evaluate what students have learned by the end of a unit or course. This mix of assessments helps teachers monitor student progress and adjust their teaching when needed.

   This broader approach to assessment gives a better understanding of students’ abilities and provides a more well-rounded evaluation of their progress. In some other countries, there might be a stronger focus on high-stakes standardized exams that determine students’ academic advancement and future opportunities. In those systems, there might be less emphasis on continuous assessments throughout the year and more focus on the outcomes of a single exam.

   Extracurricular activities

   In the American education system, extracurricular activities are considered valuable for several reasons. First, the activities allow students to explore their interests, passions, and talents outside of regular classes. Students can get involved in things they’re good at, whether sports, art, leadership roles, or helping others.

   Extracurricular activities also help students develop essential life skills and personal qualities. By joining sports teams, clubs, or student organizations, students learn to work as a team, be leaders, manage their time, communicate well, and solve problems. They also build qualities like resilience, discipline, creativity, and empathy. These experiences help students grow in all aspects of life and make them more socially and emotionally mature.

   Compared to other countries, the emphasis on extracurricular activities in the American learning system stands out. In the United States, education is about more than just what you learn in the classroom. In addition to a good education, schools aim to help students become well-rounded individuals through many different experiences.

   Decentralized structure

   The American learning system is decentralized, meaning education decisions are mostly made at the state and local levels instead of being controlled by one national authority. This gives a lot of freedom to individual states, school districts, and local communities to choose what to teach, how to teach, and how to fund education.

   The idea behind the decentralized structure is that the people closest to the students and their communities should have the power to make decisions about education. This approach allows flexibility and the ability to adapt to the unique needs and priorities of different regions and populations. Each state has its own education department that sets standards, approves what’s taught, and looks after schools. And on a smaller scale, school districts and local communities decide who to hire, how to spend money, and what teaching methods to use.

   Because of this decentralized structure, the American learning system can be quite varied. Different states and districts might have different practices, standards, and resources. This sometimes makes it challenging to ensure that all students have equal access to a high-quality education. The resources and opportunities available to students can vary depending on the wealth and resources of their communities.

   College and university admissions

   When it comes to getting into college in the United States, it’s not just about grades and test scores. American colleges and universities look at many different factors to get a complete picture of each applicant. While academic performance does matter, extracurricular activities, leadership roles, community service, personal essays, recommendation letters, and scores on standardized tests like the SAT or ACT play a role in admissions. Universities and colleges want to know who the applicants are as a person and how they will fit into their schools.

   American colleges can be pretty competitive because there are a lot of smart and talented students out there, and they only have a limited number of spots available. So just meeting the minimum academic requirements is not enough. Students need to show what makes them stand out among their peers.

6. Exploring the range of federal and state benefits for DACA recipients

   June 30, 2023 3:19 pm Leave a Comment

   Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is an American immigration policy that allows certain undocumented immigrants who came to the United States as children to receive a renewable two-year period of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for a work permit in the US. The Obama administration announced the policy on June 15, 2012.

   To be eligible for DACA, applicants must meet the following criteria:

   • They must have been brought to the United States before age 16.
   • They must have been continuously present in the United States since June 15, 2007.
   • They must be enrolled in school, have graduated from high school, or have obtained a GED.
   • They must have a clean criminal record.

   The future of DACA is uncertain. The Trump administration attempted to rescind the program in 2017, but the Supreme Court blocked the rescission in 2020. The Biden administration has taken steps to protect DACA recipients, but it is still being determined whether the program will be made permanent.

   The current state of DACA

   As of the writing of this article, USCIS is not accepting new DACA applications. However, USCIS is accepting renewal applications from current DACA recipients. Renewal applications must be filed within 150 days of the expiration of a current DACA grant. If you are a DACA recipient and your DACA grant is about to expire, you should file a renewal application as soon as possible or consult with a reputable immigration attorney for your next best steps.

   Despite the uncertainty, current DACA recipients are granted certain benefits to allow them to live, work, and gain education in the United States. 

   Work authorization for DACA recipients

   DACA recipients are eligible for work authorization. Under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, certain undocumented immigrants who came to the United States as children and met other requirements are granted two-year periods of deferred action from deportation and become eligible for work permits.

   To apply for work authorization through DACA, you must:

   • Be eligible for DACA
   • File a Form I-821D, Application for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
   • Pay the $495 application fee
   • Submit supporting documentation, such as your passport or birth certificate, proof of continuous presence in the United States, and proof of education or employment

   You will be issued an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) if your application is approved. The EAD is a renewable document that allows you to work legally in the United States for two years.

   In-state tuition for DACA recipients

   DACA recipients may be eligible for in-state tuition in some states. The eligibility requirements vary from state to state, but most states require DACA recipients to have graduated from a high school or equivalent program and lived in the state for a certain number of years.

   Here are some states that offer in-state tuition to DACA recipients:

   • California
   • Colorado
   • Connecticut
   • Delaware
   • Illinois
   • Iowa
   • Maryland
   • Massachusetts
   • Minnesota
   • New Jersey
   • New Mexico
   • New York
   • Oklahoma
   • Oregon
   • Pennsylvania
   • Rhode Island
   • Texas
   • Virginia
   • Washington

   It is important to note that the eligibility requirements for in-state tuition for DACA recipients may change anytime. Therefore, it is always best to check with the admissions office at the college or university you are interested in attending to determine the current eligibility requirements. In addition, it’s recommended to contact the financial aid office at each school to find out about financial aid options available to DACA recipients.

   Several organizations can help DACA recipients with the college admissions process. These organizations can provide information about financial aid, scholarships, and other resources. Some of these organizations include:

   • TheDream.US
   • UnidosUS
   • The National Immigration Law Center
   • The Immigrant Legal Resource Center

   Federal student loans eligibility for DACA recipients

   DACA recipients are not eligible for federal student loans. However, they may qualify for state or college financial aid and private scholarships. To be eligible for a federal student loan, you must be a US citizen or national or permanent resident granted asylum or refugee status. 

   Here are some options for DACA recipients who need financial aid for college:

   • State and college financial aid: Many states and colleges offer financial assistance to undocumented students, including DACA recipients. This aid can come through grants, scholarships, or work-study programs.
   • Private scholarships: Several private scholarships are available to undocumented students, including DACA recipients. You can find information about these scholarships online or through your school’s financial aid office.
   • Work-study: Work-study programs allow students to earn money to help pay for college. DACA recipients may be eligible for work-study programs through their school or federal programs such as the Federal Work-Study Program.

   Health insurance and DACA

   A study by the National Immigration Law Center finds that approximately one-quarter of DACA recipients still lack health insurance coverage. One of the primary reasons for the lack of health coverage is the prevailing misconception that Dreamers are not eligible for such benefits.

   In several states, DACA recipients are eligible for benefits, including preventive care, prescription medications, and mental health services. In addition, DACA recipients are eligible for health insurance through various programs.

   • Health Insurance Marketplace: DACA recipients can purchase health insurance through the Health Insurance Marketplace, also known as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Marketplace. The Marketplace offers a variety of plans, including plans with subsidies for low-income individuals.
   • Medicaid: DACA recipients may be eligible for Medicaid, a government-funded health insurance program for low-income individuals. Medicaid eligibility varies by state, so you should contact your state’s Medicaid office to find out if you are eligible.
   • Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP): DACA recipients who are children or pregnant women may be eligible for CHIP, a government-funded health insurance program for low-income children and pregnant women. CHIP eligibility varies by state, so you should contact your state’s CHIP office to find out if you are eligible.
   • Employer-sponsored health insurance: Some employers offer health insurance to their employees, including undocumented employees. If you are a DACA recipient and employed, you should ask your employer if they provide health insurance.
   • Private health insurance: DACA recipients can purchase private health insurance through various companies. Private health insurance can be expensive, but there are a number of companies that offer plans specifically for undocumented immigrants.

   It is important to note that the eligibility requirements for health insurance for DACA recipients may change at any time. Therefore, it is always best to check with the appropriate government agency or insurance company to determine the current eligibility requirements.

   Applying for a driver’s license as a DACA recipient

   DACA recipients can get a driver’s license in most states. The eligibility requirements vary from state to state, but most states require DACA recipients to:

   • Be a DACA recipient
   • Provide proof of identity and residency
   • Pass a written and driving test

   Some states also require DACA recipients to provide proof of lawful presence in the United States, such as a Social Security number. It is important to note that the eligibility requirements for driver’s licenses for DACA recipients may change at any time. It is always best to check with your state’s Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) to determine the current eligibility requirements.

   Here are some states that allow DACA recipients to get a driver’s license:

   • California
   • Colorado
   • Connecticut
   • Delaware
   • Illinois
   • Iowa
   • Maryland
   • Massachusetts
   • Minnesota
   • New Jersey
   • New Mexico
   • New York
   • Oregon
   • Pennsylvania
   • Rhode Island
   • Texas
   • Virginia
   • Washington

   If you are a DACA recipient and are interested in getting a driver’s license, you should start by researching the requirements in your state. You can find information about driver’s licenses for undocumented immigrants online or through your local DMV.

   Here are some tips for getting a driver’s license as a DACA recipient:

   • Gather all of the required documentation. This may include your DACA documentation, proof of identity, proof of residency, and proof of lawful presence (if required).
   • Practice driving. Make sure you are comfortable with all aspects of driving, including parallel parking, turning, and driving on the highway.
   • Take the written and driving tests. Be prepared to answer questions about traffic laws and demonstrate your ability to drive safely.

   Public benefits and DACA recipients

   Public benefits are government programs that provide financial and other assistance to people who meet certain criteria. Public benefits can include cash assistance, food assistance, housing assistance, medical assistance, and job training. In general, here are some of the public benefits available to Dreamers.

   • Tax credits: DACA recipients may be eligible for tax credits, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and the Child Tax Credit.
   • Housing assistance: DACA recipients may be eligible for housing assistance, such as Section 8 vouchers.
   • Job training: DACA recipients may be eligible for job training programs, such as those offered by the Department of Labor.
   • Emergency Medicaid
   • The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
   • Certain immunizations
   • The Pell Grant
   • The Federal Work-Study Program
   • The Perkins Loan Program

   DACA recipients are not eligible for:

   • Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)
   • Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
   • Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
   • Food stamps (SNAP)
   • Medicaid
   • Medicare

   The eligibility for public benefits for DACA recipients varies depending on the state and the specific benefit. It is important to check with the state or local agency that administers the benefit to determine if DACA recipients are eligible.

   Oklahoma benefits for DACA recipients

   If you are a DACA recipient in Oklahoma, you may be eligible for several important benefits, including:

   • In-state tuition: DACA recipients are eligible for in-state tuition at public colleges and universities in Oklahoma.
   • Work authorization: DACA recipients with work authorization can work legally in Oklahoma.
   • Driver’s licenses: DACA recipients can obtain driver’s licenses in Oklahoma.

   As with many benefits, the offerings can change at any time. It is always best to check with the appropriate state agencies to determine what benefits are currently available.

   Here are some resources for DACA recipients in Oklahoma:

   • Oklahoma Department of Human Services: The Oklahoma Department of Human Services provides various services to DACA recipients, including in-state tuition assistance, driver’s licenses, and health insurance.
   • Oklahoma Immigrant Resource Center: The Oklahoma Immigrant Resource Center is a non-profit organization that provides legal and social services to immigrants in Oklahoma.
   • Dream Defenders: Dream Defenders is a national organization that advocates for the rights of undocumented immigrants.

   At Stump and Associates, we have experience assisting in various DACA-related cases in Oklahoma. If you have questions, we’re happy to help. 

   What’s next for DACA?

   In April 2023, President Biden announced a plan to expand health coverage to DACA recipients. He has stated that he is “committed to working with Congress to pass legislation providing a pathway to citizenship for DACA recipients.” Congress has failed multiple times to pass proposals called the DREAM Act to protect DACA recipients.

   According to VOANews, US District Judge Andrew Hanen heard arguments earlier this month in Texas v. United States, a case brought by nine Republican-led states aimed at halting the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program. His ruling could likely take months. If Hanen rules that DACA is illegal, as he did in 2021, the case is expected to return to the three-judge panel of the New Orleans-based 5th US Circuit Court of Appeals. Immigration advocates said that a hearing in the 5th Circuit was not likely until 2024.

   Whatever the appeals court decision is, it will likely be appealed to the US Supreme Court, where the justices could take the case for the 2023-24 session. However, a decision from the Supreme Court likely would not come until spring 2025, experts say.

   There are currently about 700,000 DACA recipients in the United States. They are diverse people who have significantly contributed to their communities. They are students, workers, and taxpayers. They are also parents, children, and siblings. For now, they can renew their status, which protects them from deportation. The DACA program allows recipients to work legally. It’s helped many go to college and grad school, buy homes, and to start businesses. All could be in jeopardy if DACA is terminated. 

7. Title 42 ends: What’s next for asylum seekers

   May 31, 2023 6:00 am Leave a Comment

   Title 42, a public health order that allowed the US government to expel asylum seekers without processing their claims, expired on May 11, 2023. This means asylum seekers will once again be able to enter the United States and seek asylum at ports of entry.

   Initially enacted in 1944 to prohibit the spread of cholera and yellow fever, Title 42 gave the US Surgeon General the authority to prevent people’s entry from a foreign country during an infectious disease crisis. During the COVID-19 pandemic and under the direction of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Title 42 has been used to expel over 2 million migrants without processing their asylum claims since March 2020.

   The end of Title 42 is expected to increase the number of asylum seekers arriving at the US-Mexico border. The Biden administration has said it’s prepared for this increase and has taken steps to increase capacity at ports of entry to improve the asylum process. However, some experts are concerned that the end of Title 42 could lead to a humanitarian crisis at the border. They worry that the Biden administration will be unable to process asylum claims quickly enough, and asylum seekers will be forced to wait in Mexico for months or even years before their cases are heard.

   Unfortunately, the end of Title 42 has been a controversial topic with no clear consensus on its impact. Here are some issues we’re following that may affect asylum seekers. 

   Increased number of asylum seekers arriving at the US-Mexico border

   The week following the end of Title 42, the number of migrants attempting to cross the border increased by 22% compared to the previous week. But for now, the numbers have dipped. A recent article quotes the Chief Operating Officer of the US Customs and Border Protection, “Over the last three days, we have seen approximately a 50 percent decrease in encounters compared to the days leading up to the end of Title 42.”

   But the Biden administration has said it expects to see more migrants arriving at the border in the coming weeks and months. Several factors will likely contribute to an increased number of asylum seekers at the border. First, under Title 42, migrants were quickly expelled back to Mexico, even with a legitimate asylum claim. The end of Title 42 means that migrants can now seek asylum in the United States, likely encouraging more people to journey to the border.

   Another contributing factor is the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Central America. Many people in Central America flee violence, poverty, and political instability. The US has said it will accept up to 30,000 people per month from Venezuela, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Cuba if they come by air, have a sponsor, and apply online first. The government will also allow up to 100,000 people from Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras into the US who have family here. Other migrants also may be allowed in if they apply through the CBP One app. The app will now be accessible to 1,000 people per day, up from 740 per day previously.

   The Biden administration has said that it is prepared to handle the increase in asylum seekers at the border. The administration has increased the number of immigration judges and asylum officers and opened new processing centers at the border. However, it remains to be seen whether the administration will be able to handle the influx of asylum seekers.

   Longer wait times for asylum hearings

   The Biden administration has taken steps to increase capacity at ports of entry. However, some experts are concerned that the government will be unable to process asylum claims quickly enough, forcing migrants to wait in Mexico for months or even years before their cases are heard.

   There has been evidence of longer wait times for asylum hearings due to Title 42 ending. The Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) has been tracking the wait times for asylum hearings since 2001. In the week following the end of Title 42, the average wait time for an asylum hearing increased by 20% compared to the previous week. The average wait time for an asylum hearing is now over two years.

   With Title 42 lifted, the US government has resorted to using Title 8 at the border. The Department of Homeland Security has repeatedly stressed in recent months that migrants apprehended under Title 8 authority may face a swift deportation process, known as “expedited removal,” and a ban on reentry for at least five years. In addition, those who make subsequent attempts to enter the US could face criminal prosecution. But the processing time for Title 8 is lengthy compared to Title 42. 

   Over 1.6 million asylum cases are pending, but only 600 immigration judges are available, causing a significant backlog. Many asylum seekers are fleeing violence and persecution in their home countries, and they need to get their cases heard quickly so that they can be granted asylum and start rebuilding their lives in the United States.

   Increased risk of violence and exploitation for asylum seekers waiting in Mexico

   Since Biden took office, Human Rights First says it’s identified more than 13,000 incidents of kidnapping, torture, rape, or other violent attacks on people blocked or expelled to Mexico under Title 42. But, unfortunately, the end of Title 42 does not mean the end of the danger risk for asylum seekers. 

   According to CNN, the administration plans to return Cubans, Venezuelans, Haitians, and Nicaraguans to Mexico if they cross the border unlawfully, marking the first time the US has sent non-Mexican nationals back across the border. The rule was predicated on the idea that migrants could get protection in another country or get an appointment online to seek asylum in the US. This has put a strain on resources in Mexico, and it has made asylum seekers more vulnerable. Katrina Eiland, the managing attorney with the ACLU Immigrants’ Rights Project, stated, “The Biden administration’s new ban places vulnerable asylum seekers in grave danger and violates US asylum laws.”

   Many factors have contributed to the increased risk of violence and exploitation for asylum seekers in Mexico. One factor is the lack of resources. There are not enough shelters or other places for asylum seekers to stay, and they often have to sleep on the streets or in dangerous areas. Another factor is the presence of organized crime. Several criminal groups operate in Mexico, targeting asylum seekers for extortion or kidnapping. Asylum seekers are also vulnerable to human trafficking.

   Increased strain on US immigration resources

   The Biden administration has said that it is working to increase funding for immigration enforcement and to improve the asylum process. However, the end of Title 42 will likely increase the number of asylum seekers arriving at the border, which will strain already-limited resources.

   • Border patrol agents are facing a surge in the number of migrants arriving at the border. This strains the agents’ physical and mental health, making it difficult for them to do their jobs effectively.
   • Immigration courts are facing a backlog of cases. 
   • Shelters are facing a shortage of beds, food, and medical care.
   • The CBP One app, which is required for asylum seekers to make interview appointments, has been riddled with technical glitches and offers only 1,000 appointments per day.

   Holding facilities at the border, meant to keep people temporarily, cannot hold the volume of people expected to come. Before a federal judge blocked the release plan, agents were instructed to release migrants from holding facilities if the facilities were at 125% capacity or the average time in custody exceeded 60 hours. They were also instructed to start releasing migrants if 7,000 migrants were taken into custody across the border on any day. The released migrants would have been instructed to appear at an immigration office within 60 days or face deportation.

   Border cities like Brownsville, El Paso, and Laredo have issued emergency declarations, which give the city more resources to deal with the influx of migrants. Chicago, which has seen thousands of migrants bused in from Texas, issued its own emergency declaration. In NYC, the mayor has suspended portions of its right-to-shelter rules. It comes as some NY counties have condemned the city’s move to send migrants upstate. 

   The Department of Homeland Security released a six-pillar plan that outlined operations post-Title 42, including setting up additional facilities along the border to process migrants. Other plans involved sending 1,500 active-duty troops to the border and reportedly deploying about a thousand asylum officers to help expedite screenings. Meanwhile, the Biden admin is also setting up processing centers in Latin America to give qualified migrants the option of entering Canada or Spain instead of the US.

   Increased political polarization around immigration

   The anticipated increase in migrants arriving at the US-Mexico border has led to increased political polarization around immigration, with Republicans and Democrats largely divided on the issue.

   Republicans have largely criticized the Biden administration for ending Title 42, arguing that it will increase illegal immigration. They have also argued that the administration is not doing enough to secure the border. Democrats, on the other hand, have largely defended the Biden administration’s decision to end Title 42, arguing that it was a discriminatory and inhumane policy. They have also argued that the administration is doing everything possible to secure the border while upholding asylum seekers’ rights.

   President Biden initially kept Title 42 in place after he took office, then tried to end its use in 2022. Republicans sued, arguing the restrictions were necessary for border security. Courts had kept the rules in place. But the Biden administration announced in January that it was ending national COVID-19 emergencies, so the border restrictions have gone away.

   Biden has said the new changes are necessary, partly because Congress has not passed immigration reform in decades.

   A new bill passed by House Republicans aims to bolster border security and impose restrictions on asylum seekers. The bill requires asylum seekers to pay a $50 fee to cross the border legally and meet more rigorous criteria during initial interviews to establish a credible fear of persecution in their home country. Democratic lawmakers claim these provisions fail to address the root causes of migration and constitute a “ban on asylum.” Despite the backlash, House Republicans have rallied behind the bill, claiming it is a necessary step to curb illegal immigration and protect national security. 

   Although the bill is unlikely to become law because President Biden pledged to veto it, the legislation has sparked a renewed conversation about immigration reform in the Senate. The bill’s passage could drive a separate measure combining robust border enforcement and expanded legal immigration, including work visas and potential citizenship paths for undocumented immigrants.

   It is still too early to say what the full impact of the end of Title 42 will be. However, this significant change will have a major effect on asylum seekers. If you have questions on asylum for yourself or someone you know, please contact us today. 

    

8. A newcomer’s guide to the Oklahoma tornado season

   May 30, 2023 11:37 am Leave a Comment

   In the Great Plains region of the United States, typically from Texas to South Dakota, is an area often referred to as Tornado Alley. Oklahoma is located in this stretch of land and is the third-most tornado-prone state in the United States, averaging around 67 twisters yearly. 

   A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm cloud to the ground. It is a type of severe weather phenomenon that can cause significant damage to structures and communities in its path. Tornadoes typically form when there is a combination of warm, moist air near the surface and cool, dry air at higher altitudes. For example, when warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico collides with cool, dry air from Canada, the result can be a powerful thunderstorm that can produce a tornado. They can vary in size and intensity and are often accompanied by other severe weather conditions, such as thunderstorms, heavy rain, hail, and strong winds. 

   Tornado season in Oklahoma typically runs from April to June. However, tornadoes can occur anytime during the year in this region. Because of their destructive potential, tornadoes are closely monitored by meteorologists and emergency responders, and it’s essential for people living in areas prone to tornadoes to be aware of the risks and take appropriate safety precautions.

   How to prepare for tornado season

   If you are new to Oklahoma and unfamiliar with tornado season, it is important to take the necessary steps to prepare yourself and your family for potential severe weather events. Here are some tips to help you get started:

   1. Stay informed: Sign up for local weather alerts and monitor local news and social media for updates on weather conditions and tornado warnings. The National Weather Service (NWS) issues severe weather warnings and watches to alert residents to potential tornadoes or other extreme weather events. These warnings typically include information on the size, location, and expected path of the storm and recommendations on how to stay safe during a tornado.
   2. Know your risk: Learn about the tornado risks in your area and identify the safest places to take shelter in your home or workplace. You can check tornado risk maps provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to see the likelihood of tornadoes in your area. You should also identify the safest places to take shelter in your home or workplace, such as a basement, storm shelter, or interior room on the lowest level.
   3. Create a plan: Develop a tornado emergency plan with your family that includes designated meeting places, emergency contacts, and instructions for how to take shelter during a tornado. A tornado emergency plan should include designated meeting places, emergency contacts, and instructions on how to take cover during a tornado. Ensure all family members know the plan and understand what to do in case of a tornado. 
   4. Prepare an emergency kit: Assemble an emergency kit that includes essentials such as water, non-perishable food, first-aid supplies, and a battery-powered radio or NOAA weather radio. Keep the kit in a readily accessible place so that you can grab it quickly if you need to take shelter.
   5. Maintain your property: This includes trimming tree limbs that hang close to your roof, removing dead trees from your yard, cleaning up any heavy debris (i.e., branches, bricks, firewood) on your property, and moving lawn furniture inside when a twister nears. If you live in an area especially prone to tornadoes, consider installing storm-proof window shutters or upgrading to an impact-resistant roof. 
   6. Consider building a storm shelter: A storm shelter or safe room can provide additional protection during severe weather events. Many types of storm shelters are available, including underground shelters, above-ground shelters, and safe rooms that can be added to an existing home. If you have a shelter, be sure you’ve registered its location with your municipality so they know where to look in case the shelter is covered in debris. 

   It’s important to remember that tornadoes can strike quickly and without warning, so staying informed and having a plan can help you react quickly and effectively if a tornado occurs.

   Creating an emergency kit

   The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) recommends packing a few bags with essentials you can quickly grab as you take shelter when a tornado nears. Additionally, consider creating a checklist of items you want to have with you when seeking shelter. A few important things to have are:

   • Weather radio
   • Water (one gallon per person per day for at least three days for drinking and sanitation)
   • Food (at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food) Non-perishable foods such as tuna and crackers, granola bars, and nuts are good choices but also include formula and baby food if an infant is in the home.
   • Batteries 
   • Flashlight
   • First aid kit
   • Medication
   • A small safe where you store important documents such as visa documents, birth certificates, passports, ownership certificates, insurance policies, social security cards, and more.
   • First-aid kit
   • Prescription medications
   • Games and books for kids
   • Blankets
   • Extra clothes, closed-toed shoes, gloves

   Tornado watch and tornado warning

   In Oklahoma and throughout the United States, the National Weather Service issues tornado watches and tornado warnings to provide advance warning of possible severe weather conditions. These terms sound similar but hold different meanings. Knowing the difference is essential when preparing for a tornado. 

   Tornado watch: signifies the current weather is capable of producing a tornado.

   Tornado warning: signifies one has been spotted and seeking shelter should be the priority. When a tornado warning is issued, it is crucial to take immediate action to protect yourself and your loved ones. This means seeking shelter in a safe location, such as a basement, storm shelter, or interior room on the lowest level of a building. Stay tuned to local news and weather reports for updates and instructions.

   Stay prepared with weather apps

   Knowing when to stay “weather aware” is an important part of living in Oklahoma during tornado season. The local meteorologists and news stations do a great job of informing the community in advance when the weather conditions could become tornadic. Consider signing up for an Emergency Alert System or a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) weather radio to receive emergency alerts when they happen. Here are some popular apps to consider:

   • Local news stations such as KOCO, KFOR, News 9, KTUL, News on 6
   • MyRadar: MyRadar is a popular weather app that provides real-time radar images, severe weather alerts, and detailed weather forecasts. It also includes a hurricane tracker and a real-time feature that allows you to see lightning strikes.
   • NOAA Weather Radar & Alerts: This app is provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and offers real-time radar images, weather alerts, and detailed weather forecasts. It also includes a hurricane tracker and a feature that allows you to view past weather events.
   • Storm Shield: Storm Shield provides weather alerts and real-time radar images for severe weather events, including tornadoes. It also includes a feature that allows you to track storms in real-time and receive customized alerts for specific locations.
   • Weather Underground: Weather Underground provides real-time radar images, alerts, and detailed weather forecasts. It also includes a feature that allows you to track storms in real-time and receive customized alerts for specific locations.
   • AccuWeather: AccuWeather provides real-time radar images, weather alerts, and detailed weather forecasts. It also includes a feature that allows you to track storms in real-time and receive customized alerts for specific locations.
   • RadarScope: Popular weather app that provides advanced radar data for severe weather tracking. It offers high-resolution radar images from various sources, the ability to view severe weather warnings, and track storms in real-time. Users can also view storm tracks and trajectories and hail and wind speed data.

   What to do during a tornado

   There are several warning signs of a tornado approaching, including rotating funnel-shaped clouds, low-lying clouds of debris, large hail, a dark or green sky, and a loud roar that sounds like a freight train. It’s also critical to think about tornado safety long before a storm is on the horizon and plan what you will do to stay safe.

   When a severe storm or tornado threatens, remember these basic guidelines:

   • Get In – get as far inside a strong building as possible, away from doors and windows. Being outdoors, in a mobile home, or in a vehicle are all unsafe in a tornado. 
   • Get Down – get to the lowest floor.
   • Cover Up – use whatever you can, a mattress, pillows, sports helmet, or blankets, to protect yourself from flying or falling debris. If you are in a vehicle, driving to the closest shelter is the best course of action. If you cannot reach a safe shelter, either get down in your car and cover your head or abandon your vehicle and seek shelter in a low-lying area such as a ditch or ravine. 

   Oklahoma does not have public shelters. According to Oklahoma City’s local news station, KFOR, “Many local school districts have prioritized creating a safe room or storm shelter for students during school hours. However, Oklahoma City Mayor David Holt says no public storm shelters are available to the general public. ‘Here in Oklahoma with tornadoes, as you know, we really only get a few minutes. The best that we can do is that occasionally, we’re told today might be a day where there is an opportunity for severe weather. But in reality, you only get 10 to 15 minutes of notice that there’s truly a tornado on the ground that may impact you,’ said Holt. Holt stressed that because of the nature of tornadoes, a public shelter could actually put more people at risk.”

   If you’ve been affected by a tornado

   While tornadoes are relatively common in Oklahoma, the chances of a person being hit by a tornado are quite low. According to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data, most tornadoes occur in relatively rural areas, and only a small percentage hit populated areas. Despite the relatively low risk of being directly affected by a tornado, it’s still essential to be aware of guidelines to follow. 

   After a tornado has passed, and it is safe to do so, there are several steps you should take to ensure your safety and well-being:

   1. Check for injuries: Check yourself and those around you for any injuries needing medical attention. Call for help or seek medical assistance immediately if you or someone else is injured.
   2. Stay aware of your surroundings: Be mindful of any hazards in the area, such as downed power lines, broken gas lines, or other debris that could pose a danger.
   3. Avoid damaged buildings: Avoid entering damaged buildings or structures, as they may be unstable and could collapse. Wait for assistance from emergency responders or building professionals before entering any damaged structures.
   4. Shut off utilities if necessary: If you smell gas or suspect a gas leak, shut off the gas immediately and leave the area. Do not use electrical switches, appliances, or phones, as they could create sparks that ignite a gas explosion. If you need to shut off the gas, use a wrench or pliers to turn the valve at the gas meter.
   5. Listen for emergency instructions: Listen for updates from local officials and emergency responders, and follow any instructions they provide regarding evacuations, sheltering, or other safety measures.
   6. Document any damage: Take photos or videos of any damage to your property or belongings, as this can be helpful for insurance claims or disaster assistance.
   7. Reach out for help: If you need assistance, such as food, shelter, or medical attention, contact local authorities or disaster relief organizations. They can provide resources and assistance to help you recover from the tornado.

   Recovery after a tornado can be a slow and challenging process, but taking the necessary steps to ensure your safety and well-being is the priority. Reach out for help if needed, and take care of yourself and those around you.

9. Immigrants and public benefits: Exploring eligibility and benefits of US government assistance programs

   May 1, 2023 2:50 pm Leave a Comment

   In the United States, a government assistance program is a public benefit program that supports individuals, families, or communities in need. The government typically funds these programs through taxes and other revenue sources. They are designed to address various social and economic issues, such as poverty, unemployment, healthcare, housing, and education.

   The benefits for immigrants who apply for public benefit programs can vary depending on the program and the individual’s circumstances. In general, public benefit programs are designed to provide financial assistance or other support to eligible individuals and families experiencing hardship or need.

   Examples of government assistance programs include food assistance programs like SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program), housing assistance programs like Section 8, and healthcare assistance programs like Medicaid. Government assistance programs are intended to help people meet their basic needs and improve their quality of life, particularly those who may not have the means to do so on their own. 

   The benefits and risks of public benefit programs for immigrants

   Immigrants’ eligibility for public benefits programs depends on several factors, such as their immigration status, the type of benefit, and the state in which they reside. Here is a general overview:

   1. Lawful permanent residents (green card holders) are generally eligible for most federal public benefits, including Medicaid, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF).
   2. Asylum seekers and refugees are eligible for the same public benefits as lawful permanent residents.
   3. Undocumented immigrants are generally not eligible for most federal public benefits. Still, they may qualify for some state and local programs, such as emergency medical services, public health services, and certain types of education and emergency assistance.
   4. Non-immigrants, such as tourists and international students, are generally not eligible for public benefits.

   It’s important to note that eligibility for public benefits can vary from state to state, so it’s best to consult with the relevant government agencies or a qualified immigration lawyer for more specific information.

   In addition to providing immediate financial assistance, participating in public benefit programs can also have long-term benefits for immigrants. For example, receiving healthcare services through Medicaid or other programs can help newcomers stay healthy and productive, improving their overall quality of life and ability to work and contribute to their communities. Similarly, participating in educational or job training programs can help immigrants acquire the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the workforce and achieve their career goals.

   It’s important to note, however, that some potential risks may be associated with participating in public benefit programs, particularly for certain categories of immigrants. For example, immigrants subject to the Public Charge rule may be concerned about the impact of public benefits on their immigration status. Therefore, immigrants should carefully consider their options and seek legal advice before applying for public benefits.

   Public benefit programs eligible for green card holders

   Green card holders, also known as lawful permanent residents, are generally eligible for most federal public benefits programs. Here are some examples:

   1. Medicaid: This is a health insurance program for low-income individuals and families. Immigrants eligible for Medicaid may receive free or low-cost healthcare services, including doctor visits, hospitalization, and prescription medications. 
   2. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP): This program helps low-income individuals and families afford nutritious food. 
   3. Social Security: Green card holders who have worked and paid Social Security taxes are eligible for retirement, disability, and survivors’ benefits from the Social Security Administration.
   4. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF): This program provides cash assistance and other services to low-income families with children. 
   5. Medicare: This is a health insurance program for people over 65 and certain people with disabilities. Green card holders who have worked and paid Medicare taxes for at least ten years can enroll in Medicare.
   6. Supplemental Security Income (SSI): This federal program provides cash assistance to low-income elderly, blind, or disabled individuals. 
   7. Housing Assistance: Green card holders may be eligible for various housing assistance programs, such as the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program, which provides rental assistance to low-income families.
   8. Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP): This program provides low-cost or free health insurance for children from low-income families. 
   9. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): This program provides nutritious food, education, and support to pregnant women, new mothers, and young children from low-income families. 

   It’s important to note that while green card holders are generally eligible for most federal public benefits programs, some programs may have specific eligibility requirements or restrictions based on factors such as income, residency, or immigration status. 

   Eligibility of public benefits for asylum seekers

   Asylum seekers are eligible for some public benefits, depending on their immigration status and the state in which they reside. In general, asylum seekers who have been granted employment authorization can apply for and receive benefits such as emergency medical services, public health services, and certain types of education and emergency assistance. They may also be eligible for state and local programs that provide cash assistance, food, and housing.

   However, there are some limitations to their eligibility for public benefits. For example, asylum seekers are generally not eligible for most federal public benefits, including Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and most forms of Medicaid. In addition, there may be time limitations on how long they can receive certain benefits. For example, in some states, asylum seekers may only be eligible for cash assistance for a limited period of time.

   Asylum seekers should be aware that applying for public benefits may impact their ability to obtain permanent residency, so they should carefully consider their options and seek legal advice if necessary.

   State and local programs available to undocumented immigrants

   Undocumented immigrants are generally not eligible for most federal public benefits programs. Still, they may qualify for some state and local programs, depending on their state of residence and the specific program. For example, some states provide emergency medical assistance, prenatal care, and immunizations to undocumented immigrants, regardless of their immigration status. 

   Additionally, some states have established programs that provide driver’s licenses or in-state tuition rates for undocumented immigrants. However, it’s important to note that eligibility for these programs can vary widely from state to state. View some of the programs available to newcomers in Oklahoma here. 

   It’s also worth noting that many undocumented immigrants hesitate to apply for public benefits for fear of being reported to immigration authorities. However, it’s important to remember that federal law prohibits state and local agencies from sharing information about an individual’s immigration status with federal authorities except in certain limited circumstances. Additionally, applying for public benefits does not automatically trigger an investigation into an individual’s immigration status. Therefore, undocumented immigrants should carefully consider their options and seek legal advice before applying for public benefits.

   State and local programs available to international students

   International students in the United States are generally not eligible for most federal public benefits programs, such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), or Medicaid. These programs are typically reserved for US citizens and certain eligible non-citizens.

   However, international students may be eligible for some state and local programs, depending on their state of residence and the specific program. For example, similarly to undocumented individuals, some states provide emergency medical assistance, prenatal care, and immunizations. Additionally, some states have established programs that provide financial aid or in-state tuition rates for certain categories of non-citizens, such as refugees or certain types of visa holders.

   The public charge rule and public benefits program participation

   Under the Public Charge Rule, immigrants who receive certain public benefits, such as food stamps or housing assistance, for a cumulative period of 12 months or more within any 36-month period may be deemed likely to become a public charge. This means they may be denied a visa or green card or required to post a bond as a condition of their admission.

   On September 9, 2022, the Biden Administration published new public charge inadmissibility regulations stating that the government will not consider the use of noncash benefits programs, including Medicaid coverage, except for long-term institutionalization, when making public charge determinations. A primary stated aim of the final public charge rule is to address the chilling effects of the 2019 rule that led many immigrant families, including citizen children in these families, not to seek assistance, including health coverage and care, for which they were eligible.

   The Public Charge rule does not apply to all immigrants, and certain categories of immigrants are exempt, including refugees, asylees, and certain other types of humanitarian immigrants. Additionally, the rule does not apply to all public benefits programs, and some programs, such as emergency medical services or disaster relief, are not considered in the determination.

   The Public Charge rule has been subject to legal challenges, and its implementation has been delayed and suspended several times. However, it is important for immigrants to be aware of the rule and its potential impact on their eligibility for public benefits and their immigration status. 

   Understanding government assistance programs and immigrant eligibility

   Participating in public benefit programs can have long-term benefits for immigrants, such as acquiring the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in the workforce and improve their overall quality of life. It is important for immigrants to be aware of their eligibility for different programs and to carefully consider their options before applying. Immigrants’ eligibility for public benefits programs varies depending on several factors, such as their immigration status, the type of benefit, and the state where they reside. It is recommended that immigrants carefully consider their options and seek legal advice, if necessary, before applying for public benefits.

10. 5 things newcomers find surprising about American life

    2:43 pm Leave a Comment

    While many newcomers base their expectations of living in America on movies, they may be surprised by what they encounter in their daily lives. The United States is rich in diversity, regional differences, cuisine, and customs. Understanding the unique characteristics can help immigrants better understand and integrate into their new communities.

    1. America’s diversity

    The United States has many cultures, languages, and customs. Newcomers may find that the United States is not just one culture but a blend of many different cultures. This diversity is evident in the many languages spoken, the variety of foods available, and the various religious and cultural traditions celebrated. For immigrants who come from countries with more homogenous populations, this can be a very different experience.

    The US Census Bureau recognizes six major racial categories: White, Black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and Some Other Race. Additionally, the Census Bureau recognizes two categories of Hispanic or Latino origin, which can be of any race. One of the ways diversity is evident in the United States is in the many different languages spoken. According to the US Census Bureau, over 350 languages are spoken in homes nationwide. While English is the most commonly spoken language, there are many communities where other languages are spoken more frequently, such as Spanish, Chinese, and Tagalog.

    Religion is also an essential aspect of diversity in the United States. While Christianity is the most commonly practiced religion, there are also significant populations of Muslims, Jews, Buddhists, Hindus, and others. In addition, many people do not identify with any religion at all, and the United States has a strong tradition of secularism.

    Overall, diversity in the United States is one of its defining characteristics, and it is celebrated and valued by many people. However, despite diversity’s many benefits, challenges are associated with it. For example, discrimination and inequality can be significant issues for people of different races, ethnicities, and religions. There can also be cultural misunderstandings and tensions between different communities, particularly regarding issues like immigration and integration. Nonetheless, many people in the United States believe that the benefits of diversity far outweigh the challenges, and they continue to celebrate and value the many different cultures and traditions that make up the country.

    2. The United States regions

    Despite what is depicted in the movies, America is more than the big cities, flashy lights, and a fast-paced lifestyle. The United States is a large country with over 3.7 million square miles of land. This means that the distance between different cities and states can be significant, providing each region within the United States with its unique characteristics, including climate, culture, and history. Understanding these differences can help immigrants better understand and integrate into their new communities.

    • Northeast: The Northeast region includes states such as New York, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Maine. This region is known for its rich history, including the country’s founding, and is home to many famous landmarks, such as the Statue of Liberty and the Freedom Trail in Boston. The climate is generally cooler, with snow in the winter months, and the people are often described as direct and fast-paced.
    • Southeast: The Southeast region includes states like Florida, Georgia, and the Carolinas. This region is known for its warm climate, beautiful beaches, and Southern hospitality. Southern cooking heavily influences the cuisine, with dishes like fried chicken, barbecue, and sweet tea.
    • Midwest: The Midwest includes states like Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan. This region is known for its friendly people, diverse agriculture, and contributions to the automotive industry. The climate is generally temperate, with cold winters and warm summers, and the people are often described as hardworking and down-to-earth.
    • Southwest: The Southwest includes states like Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. This region is known for its desert landscapes, Tex-Mex cuisine, and vibrant Hispanic culture. The climate is generally hot and dry, with temperatures exceeding 100 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer months.
    • West Coast: The West Coast region includes states like California, Oregon, and Washington. This region is known for its stunning natural beauty, including the Pacific Ocean and towering mountains, as well as its diverse cultural influences. The climate varies depending on location, with some areas experiencing mild temperatures year-round while others experiencing hot summers and rainy winters.

    3. American cuisine

    American cuisine is known for its variety and fusion of different culinary traditions, reflecting the many different cultures that have contributed to it. However, newcomers may be surprised that some of their favorite foods from their home countries are less widely available in the United States. At the same time, they may discover new foods that they have never tried before.

    American food is often characterized by its emphasis on convenience and speed. Fast food chains like McDonald’s, Burger King, and Wendy’s are ubiquitous nationwide, and many people rely on takeout and delivery for their meals. However, there is also a growing movement towards farm-to-table dining and locally-sourced ingredients.

    When it comes to specific dishes, some of the most iconic American foods include:

    1. Hamburgers: This classic sandwich consists of a beef patty, cheese, lettuce, tomato, and condiments like ketchup and mustard.
    2. Hot dogs: Another classic sandwich, a hot dog, is a sausage served on a bun with condiments like ketchup, mustard, and relish.
    3. Barbecue: Barbecue is a cooking style involving slow-cooking meat over an open flame or in a smoker, often with a tangy sauce.
    4. Macaroni and cheese: This comfort food consists of macaroni noodles baked with a creamy cheese sauce.
    5. Pancakes and waffles: Breakfast foods like pancakes and waffles are popular nationwide, often served with syrup and butter.
    6. Clam chowder: A creamy soup made with clams, potatoes, and onions, often served in a bread bowl.
    7. Lobster rolls: A New England specialty of lobster meat served on a buttered and toasted roll.
    8. Jambalaya: A spicy Louisiana dish made with rice, sausage, seafood, and various seasonings.
    9. Philly cheesesteak: A sandwich made with thinly sliced beef, grilled onions, and melted cheese, served on a hoagie roll.
    10. Key lime pie: A dessert made with a graham cracker crust and a filling of lime juice, sweetened condensed milk, and egg yolks.

    Newcomers are encouraged to try new foods to broaden their culinary horizons, exposing them to new flavors and ingredients that they may not have experienced before. In addition, food can be a way to connect with others and build relationships, as sharing meals with friends and family is an important part of many cultures.

    4. Distinctive features of the American legal system

    The American legal system may differ greatly from what newcomers are used to in their home countries. It is often complex, involving a lot of documentation and waiting periods, and it may take some time for immigrants to understand the laws and regulations that apply to them. It can also be expensive, which may surprise those used to a more streamlined or affordable system in their home countries.

    The legal system in the United States is subject to federal and state laws, and learning how to navigate it can be challenging and daunting for those with no legal background. The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the land. It provides the framework for the legal system, including the separation of powers between the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government. Each state in the United States also has its own laws and courts, which can vary widely from state to state. 

    In addition, there are both criminal and civil courts. Criminal courts deal with cases where individuals or organizations are accused of committing crimes. In contrast, civil courts handle disputes between individuals or organizations, such as lawsuits over contract disputes or personal injury claims. There are also a variety of specialized courts and administrative agencies, such as immigration courts, tax courts, and regulatory agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

    One of the most distinctive features of the American legal system is the common law system, which relies heavily on precedent and the decisions of previous courts. Judges are often responsible for interpreting and applying the law in individual cases, and their decisions can significantly impact the law’s development over time. The United States legal system is also distinguished by its principle of due process, which requires that individuals be afforded certain rights and protections under the law. These rights include the right to a fair trial, the right to an attorney, and protection against unreasonable searches and seizures.

    Overall, the legal system in the United States is a complex and dynamic system that plays a critical role in shaping society and protecting individual rights and freedoms.

    5. The complexity of the American healthcare system

    The healthcare system in the United States is often very different from what immigrants are used to in their home countries. For example, in many countries, healthcare is offered by the government, while in the United States, it is often provided by private insurance companies. Immigrants in the United States have access to healthcare, but the level of access can vary depending on their immigration status and other factors. In addition, the cost of healthcare can be high, and newcomers to the United States may be surprised by the complexity involved in accessing healthcare.

    Here are some key points to keep in mind:

    1. Insurance: Most Americans and legal residents have health insurance through their employer, a private insurance plan, or a government program such as Medicare or Medicaid. It is essential to understand what type of insurance you have and what it covers.
    2. Cost: Healthcare in the US can be expensive, even with insurance. Check with your insurance company about copays, deductibles, and out-of-pocket expenses.
    3. Access: Access to healthcare can vary depending on your immigration status, location, and insurance plan. Some areas may have more healthcare providers and better access to care than others.
    4. Emergency care: In the US, emergency care is available to anyone regardless of their ability to pay. If you have a medical emergency, go to the nearest hospital or call 911.
    5. Preventive care: Many insurance plans cover preventive care, such as annual physicals and screenings. Take advantage of these services to stay healthy.
    6. Language barriers: If you are not fluent in English, it is recommended to find a healthcare provider who can communicate with you in your native language or use an interpreter.
    7. Prescription medication: Prescription medication can also be expensive in the US, especially if you do not have insurance or have a plan that does not cover your specific medication. Some pharmacies offer discounts and generic options, so shopping around and comparing prices is important.
    8. Health literacy: Health literacy refers to understanding and using health information to make informed decisions about your care. If you have limited health literacy, it is essential to ask your healthcare provider questions and make sure you understand your care plan.
    9. Preventable diseases: Some diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes, can be prevented or managed with lifestyle changes such as exercise and healthy eating. It is important to take steps to prevent these diseases and manage any existing conditions.
    10. Public health: Public health measures such as vaccinations, hand hygiene, and wearing masks can help prevent the spreading of infectious diseases. Stay up-to-date on public health recommendations and follow them to protect yourself and others.

    In summary, understanding the unique characteristics of American culture can be helpful for newcomers to better integrate into their new communities. They may be surprised by the diversity of the country, the significant differences between regions, and the fusion of different culinary traditions. But by understanding and embracing these differences, newcomers can connect with others and develop a deeper appreciation for the country’s rich culture.